ANCANGAN MODEL KERANGKA TEORI KESANTUNAN YANG EFEKTIF MENGKAJI BUDAYA BAHASA-BAHASA HERITAGE DI ASIA: REVIEW TERHADAP KEUNIVERSALITASAN KERANGKA TEORI KESANTUNAN BROWN & LEVINSON

Authors

  • Abdul Hakim Yassi Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26499/li.v35i2.68

Keywords:

, Negative politeness, positive politeness, universality.

Abstract

The article revisits the effectiveness and compatibility of Yassi’s politeness theoretical framework (1996, 2011), adapted from Brown & Levinson’s (1978, 1987, hereafter; B&L) and Scollon & Scollon’s (1995), in studying politeness system of heritage languages in Indonesia and Asia in general. Data, transcription of recorded utterances of some heritage languages in South and West Sulawesi, were analyzed employing Yassi’s framework. The study reveals that B&L’s fails to distinguish a kinship-based interaction from those of non-kinship one. Intimacy on kinship relations, like interaction among brother-sisters denoted different behaviors from those of among friends. The former tended to be asymmetrical  where the elder employed positive politeness and the younger used negative politeness. The latter tended to be symmetrical where all participants tended to employ positive politeness. Similar behavior also denoted by a kinship-based asymmetrical interaction, for instance, interaction among husband-wife-children which is completely different from those of non-kinship one such as interaction between bosses and staff.

References

Agus, Nuraidar. 2013. Bentuk Kesantunan Linguistik dan Strategi Pertuturan Wanita dan Pria etnis Bugis. Unpublished Disertataion. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.

Brown, R. and A. Gillman. 1960. ‘The pronoun of power and solidarity’. In P.P. Gigliogi (ed) 1972. Language and Social Context.Penguin Education.

Brown, P. and Levinson, Stephen C. 1978. ‘Universals in Language Use: Politeness Phenomena’ In E. Goody. (ed). 1978. Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, P. and Levinson, Stephen C. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Deutchmann, Mats. 2003. Apologising in British English. Umea Universitet

Gu, Yueguo. 1990. ‘Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese’. Journal of pragmatics. North-Holland Publishing Company 14: 237-257.

Ide, Sachiko. 1989. ‘Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of linguistic politeness. Multilingua. 8: 223-248.

Kitagawa, Chisako. 1980. ‘Saying yes in Japanese’. Journal of pragmatics. North-Holland Publishing Company. 4: 105-120.

Matsumoto, Yoshiko. 1988. ‘Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese’. Journal of pragmatics. North-Holland Publishing Company. 12: 403-426

Mills, Sara. 2003. Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Murni, Minda Sri. 2012 “Piranti Bahasa dan Kesantunan†Linguistik Indonesia. Tahun ke-30, nomor 2, hal 183-200

Nadar, F.X. 2006. Penolakan Dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Pragmatik tentang Realisasi Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa. Disertasi. Yogyakarta: UNiversitas Gajah Mada.

Nwoye, O. G. 1992. ‘Linguistic politeness and socio-cultural variations on the notion of face’. Journal of pragmatics. North-Holland Publishing Company. 18: 309-328.

Reiter, Rosina Marques. 2004. Linguistic Politeness in Britain and Uruguay: A Contrastive Study of Request and Apologies. Philadelphia : John Benyamins Pub. Co.

Scollon, R and S.B.K. Scollon. 1995. Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Oxford, Cambridge: Blackwell.

Watts, Richards J. 2003. Politeness: Key Topics in Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Yassi, A. Hakim. 1996. Negating and Affirming a Proposition in Makassarese: A Cross-Cultural Communication Study. Unpublished Master Research Paper. Department of Linguistics, The University of Sydney, NSW. Australia.

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2011. ‘Negating and Affirming a Proposition in Makassarese: Revisiting the Universality of Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory’ in F. Rahman (ed) Kebahasaan, Sastra dan Pendidikan. Prosiding Seminar Internasional. FIB, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2011b. ‘Negating and Affirming a Proposition in Makassarese: Revisiting the Universality of Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory’ in F. Rahman (ed) Kebahasaan, Sastra dan Pendidikan. Prosiding Seminar Internasional. FIB, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2012. “Teori Sistem Kesantunan Budaya Bahasa Makassarâ€. Prosiding Kongres Internasional Bahasa-Bahasa Daerah Sulawesi Selatan.

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2016a. “Model Kerangka Teori Kesantunan yang Efektif Mengkaji POla Kesantunan Bahasa-Bahasa di Indonesia: Mempertanyakan Keuniversalitasan Kerangka Teori Kesantunan Brown & Levinsonâ€. Prosiding Seminar Antar Bangsa (ASBAM .) ke-5. Hal 19-28

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2016b. “Ancangan Model Kerangka Teori Kesantunan yang Efektif Mengkaji Budaya Bahasa-Bahasa Heritage di Asia: Review terhadap Keuniversalitasan Kerangka Teori Kesantunan Brown & Levinson. Prosiding Kongres Internasional Linguistik (KIMLI). Hal 24-34

Yassi, A. Hakim. 2016c. “Pemetaan Pola Sistem Kesantunan Budaya Bahasa-Bahasa Sulawesi Selatan dan Barat (Sulselbar): Harmonisasi Kehidupan Sosial Bertetanggaâ€. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bulan Bahasa Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin.

Yassi, A. Hakim, 2016d. “Pola Sistem-Sistem Kesantunan Etnik Sulselbar: Harmonisasi Kehidupan Sosial Bertetangga.†Prosiding seminar nasional Bulan Bahasa Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin. 11-12 November 2016. Hotel Banua Makassar.

Downloads

Published

13-02-2019

How to Cite

Hakim Yassi, A. (2019). ANCANGAN MODEL KERANGKA TEORI KESANTUNAN YANG EFEKTIF MENGKAJI BUDAYA BAHASA-BAHASA HERITAGE DI ASIA: REVIEW TERHADAP KEUNIVERSALITASAN KERANGKA TEORI KESANTUNAN BROWN & LEVINSON. Linguistik Indonesia, 35(2), 159–186. https://doi.org/10.26499/li.v35i2.68