DOMINANSI TIPE-TIPE ARGUMENTASI ANAK-ANAK USIA DINI DALAM PERSPEKTIF STEPHEN TOULMIN: STUDI KASUS DICTO DAN IVO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26499/li.v42i2.616Keywords:
Argumentasi, dominansi tipe argumentasi, anak usia dini, perspektif Stephen ToulminAbstract
Kajian terhadap penalaran anak usia dini erat kaitannya dengan perkembangan metakognisi anak. Anak yang kuat mengemukakan argumennya dalam berkomunikasi biasanya mempunyai kemampuan metakognitif yang tinggi. Kajian mengenai hal ini masih sangat jarang ditemukan di Indonesia berdasarkan penelusuran peneliti dari berbagai sumber referensi yang dapat diakses. Sementara itu, argumen-argumen tersebut mendesak untuk dideskripsikan mengingat keterkaitannya dengan perkembangan metakognitif anak muda sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. Berdasarkan asumsi tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian terhadap argumentasi anak usia dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dominasi tipe argumentasi pada anak usia dini. Perspektif teoritis yang digunakan adalah teori argumen Stephen Toulmin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus. Studi kasus ini menempatkan Dicto dan Ivo sebagai subjek penelitian ini. Kedua anak kecil tersebut berjenis kelamin laki-laki, Dicto berusia 4 tahun berlatar belakang etnis Sunda, sedangkan Ivo berusia 6 tahun berlatar belakang etnis Jawa. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan argumentatif berupa sejumlah klaim yang merupakan tanggapan terhadap situasi yang dikonstruksikan peneliti sebagai instrumen penelitiannya. Peneliti menganalisis transkripsi teks video atau audio yang berisi tanggapan spontan terhadap situasi yang dikonstruksi oleh peneliti dan disampaikan kepada kedua subjek penelitian melalui orang tuanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe argumentasi yang dominan pada anak usia dini adalah tipe Claim + Ground.
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